Адлер, Марго: различия между версиями

Версия от 13:27, 21 февраля 2014

Марго Адлер в 2004 г.

Адлер, Марго Сусанна (р. 16 апреля 1946, Литтл-Рок, Арканзас) - американская писательница, журналистка, социолог, лектор и радио-корреспондент, жрица в традиции Викки [1]. Автор книги "Низведение луны" - первого социологического исследования, посвященного неоязычеству.

Детство и юность

Марго Адлер родилась в городе Литтл-Рок (Арканзас, США), откуда ее семейство вскоре переехало в Нью-Йорк. Ее дед, Альфред Адлер, был выдающимся австрийским психотерапевтом, основателем школы индивидуальной психологии. Адлер получила степень балавра искусств в области политических наук в Калифорнийском университете (Беркли), в 1970 году успешно закончила магистерскую школу журналистики при Колумбийском университете (Нью-Йорк), а в 1982 году удостоилась стипендии Фонда Нимана для журналистов при Гарвардском университете [2].

Работа на радио

В 70-е годы Адлер работала в нью-йоркском отделении радиокомпании "Пасифика", где создала и в 1972-1974 гг. вела ток-шоу "Час волка", посвященное фантастической литературе и существующее по сей день.

В 1978 году Адлер стала внештатным репортером Национального государственного радио США, а в 1979 году - штатным репортером раздела общих новостей. Ее репортажи охватывали широкий круг тем: от проблемы смертной казни и движения за право на эвтаназию до роли компьютерных игр в детском развитии. После событий 11 сентября 2011 года Адлер сосредоточилась на освещении социальных проблем Нью-Йорка. До 3 июля 2008 года она вела ток-шоу "Говорит правосудие", посвященное вопросам права и общественной политики [3].

Неоязычество

В 1979 году Адлер опубликовала книгу "Низведение луны" - первое в истории социологическое исследование современного язычества в США, выдержавшее три переиздания. На протяжении многих лет эта работа оставалась единственным в своем роде обзорным руководством по неоязыческим религиям и сообществам Америки. В 1997 году вышла вторая книга Her second book, Heretic's Heart: A Journey Through Spirit and Revolution, was published by Beacon Press in 1997.

Книги

Библиография

Adler, Margot. Drawing Down the Moon. Viking Press 1979; revised eds. Beacon Press, 1987; Penguin Books, 1997; Penguin Books, 2006.

The book is considered a watershed in American Neopagan circles, as it provided the first comprehensive look at modern nature-based religions in the US. For many years it was the only introductory work about the American Neopagan communities. Her second book, Heretic's Heart: A Journey Through Spirit and Revolution, was published by Beacon Press in 1997. Adler is a Wiccan priestess in the Gardnerian tradition, an elder in the Covenant of the Goddess,<ref name=uuworld1996/> and she also participates in the Unitarian Universalist faith community.<ref name=uuworld1996/>

"Низведение луны"

Шаблон:Infobox book

Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-Worshippers, and Other Pagans in America Today is a sociological study of contemporary Paganism in the United States written by the American sociologist, Wiccan and journalist Margot Adler. First published in 1979 by Viking Press, it was later republished in a revised and expanded edition by Beacon Press in 1986, with third and fourth revised editions being brought out by Penguin Books in 1996 and then 2006 respectively.

According to the New York Times, the book "is credited with both documenting new religious impulses and being a catalyst for the panoply of practices now in existence"<ref name=Goldscheider>Goldscheider, Eric. Witches, Druids and Other Pagans Make Merry Again in the Magical Month of May , The New York Times, May 28, 2005.</ref> and "helped popularize earth-based religions."<ref>Ramirez, Anthony. Another Hit Could Give Witches a Bad Name, The New York Times, August 22, 1999.</ref> Adler is a Neopagan and "recognized witch"<ref name=Goldscheider /> herself and a reporter for National Public Radio.<ref>NPR. 2006. Margot Adler, NPR Biography, NPR website, accessed August 27, 2006 [1]</ref>

The book is an examination of Neopaganism in the United States from a sociological standpoint, discussing the history and various forms of the movement. It contains excerpts from many interviews with average Pagans, as well as with well-known leaders and organizers in the community.

The first edition of the book sold 30,000 copies.<ref>Orion 1995. p. 130.</ref> Successive versions have included over one hundred and fifty pages of additional text and an updated contacts section. It has been praised by Theodore Roszak, Susan Brownmiller, the New York Times Book Review and the Journal of the American Academy of Religion.<ref>0807032530 - Drawing Down the Moon by Margot Adler - 9780807032534</ref>

Since the original publication of Adler's work, a number of other books on the subject have been published, such as the sociologist Helen Berger's A Community of Witches (1999).

Background

Paganism and Wicca in the United States

Contemporary Paganism, which is also referred to as Neo-Paganism, is an umbrella term used to identify a wide variety of modern religious movements, particularly those influenced by or claiming to be derived from the various pagan beliefs of pre-modern Europe.<ref name="Carpenter 1996 40">Carpenter 1996. p. 40.</ref><ref>Lewis 2004. p. 13.</ref> The religion of Pagan Witchcraft, or Wicca, is one of a number of different Pagan religions, and developed in England during the first half of the 20th century. The figure at the forefront of Wicca's early development was the English occultist Gerald Gardner (1884-1964), the author of Witchcraft Today (1954) and The Meaning of Witchcraft (1959) and the founder of a tradition known as Gardnerian Wicca. Gardnerian Wicca revolved around the veneration of both a Horned God and a Mother Goddess, the celebration of eight seasonally-based festivals in a Wheel of the Year and the practice of magical rituals in groups known as covens. Gardnerianism was subsequently brought to the U.S. in the early 1960s by an English initiate, Raymond Buckland (1934-), and his then-wife Rosemary, who together founded a coven in Long Island.<ref>Hutton 1999 pp. 205–252.</ref><ref>Clifton 2006.</ref>

In the U.S., new variants of Wicca developed, including Dianic Wicca, a tradition founded in the 1970s which was heavily influenced by second wave feminism, rejecting the veneration of the Horned God and emphasizing female-only covens. One initiate of both the Dianic and Gardnerian traditions, who used the pseudonym of Starhawk (1951-), later founded her own tradition, Reclaiming Wicca, as well as publishing The Spiral Dance: a Rebirth of the Ancient Religion of the Great Goddess (1979), through which she helped to spread Wicca throughout the U.S.<ref>Hutton 1999.</ref>

Adler and her research

In 1976, Adler publicly announced that Viking Press had offered her a book contract to undertake the first wide-ranging study of American Paganism.<ref name="Lloyd 2012. pp. 235">Lloyd 2012. pp. 235</ref>

Synopsis

Margot Adler in 2004.

Шаблон:Expand section Drawing Down the Moon offers a guide to the Pagan movement across the United States.

Republication

1986 revision

In 1986, Adler published a revised second edition of Drawing Down the Moon, much expanded with new information. Identifying several new trends that had occurred in American Paganism since 1979, Adler recognized that in the intervening seven years, U.S. Pagans had come to become increasingly self-aware of Paganism as a movement, something which she attributed to the increasing number of Pagan festivals.<ref name="Pike 1996 363"/> One reviewer noted that the alterations made for the 1986 edition "often creates a vivid contrast with events and persons first described in 1979."<ref name="Herndobler 1987">Herndobler 1987.</ref>

1996 revision

Шаблон:Expand section

2006 revision

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Reception

Academic reviews

Writing in the Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Mara E. Donaldson of the University of Virginia commented that Adler's book provided an "extensive study of paganism" that "demythologizes" the movement "without being sentimental or self-righteous." Considering it to be a "serious corrective to common misconceptions" propagated in the media, Donaldson stated that it was "worth reading" despite what she herself perceived as "neopaganism's weaknesses", namely the movement's lack of "historical-traditional-cultural memory" and a lack of "sensitivity to the Western problem of evil".<ref>Donaldson 1982.</ref>

Шаблон:Quote box

In a 1996 paper discussing the various sociological studies that had then been made of Paganism, the sociologist Sarah M. Pike noted that Drawing Down the Moon had gone "a long way towards answering the question" as to "what makes these [Pagan ritual] activities valid and viable to those who engage in them". In doing so, Pike believed that Adler's work was an improvement on earlier sociological studies of the movement, namely that of Nachman Ben-Yehuda, which Pike felt had failed to answer this question.<ref name="Pike 1996 362">Pike 1996. p. 362.</ref> Noting Adler's position as a practicing Wiccan, and the impact which this would have on her study, Pike however felt that the book was "less defensive and apologetic than sociological studies conducted by many supposedly objective "outsiders"."<ref name="Pike 1996 362"/> Summarizing Drawing Down the Moon as being "unmatched" in its "sweeping survey" of the Pagan movement, Pike notes that in providing an overview of the subject it failed to focus on "detailed examination of specific issues and events."<ref name="Pike 1996 363">Pike 1996. p. 363.</ref>

Other reviews

Writing for The Women's Review of Books, Robin Herndobler praised Adler's "clear, graceful prose", and the manner in which she had written about Paganism "with interest and compassion."<ref name="Herndobler 1987"/>

Influence

Pagan community

Writing in his later biography of Eddie Buczynski, the Pagan independent scholar Michael G. Lloyd noted that Adler's book was a marked departure from earlier books dealing with Pagan Witchcraft which continued to equate it with either historical Early Modern witchcraft or Satanism.<ref name="Lloyd 2012. pp. 235"/> In her 1999 study of American Wiccans, A Community of Witches, the sociologist Helen A. Berger noted that Drawing Down the Moon had been influential in getting many Wiccans to accept the non-existence of a historical Witch-Cult from which their religion descended.<ref>Berger 1999. pp. 21-22.</ref>

Academia

In her sociological study of American Paganism, Loretta Orion, author of Never Again the Burning Times: Paganism Revisited (1995), noted that she had "benefitted" from Adler's study, believing that it contained "insightful reflections" on those whom it was studying.<ref>Orion 1995. p. 7.</ref>

Editions

Original edition 1979, hardcover, ISBN 0-670-28342-8 (Viking, New York)
Original edition 1979, paperback, ISBN 0-8070-3237-9 (Beacon Press, Boston)
Revised edition 1986, paperback, ISBN 0-8070-3253-0 (Beacon Press, Boston)
Revised edition 1996, paperback, ISBN 0-14-019536-X (Penguin, New York)
Revised edition 2006, paperback, ISBN 0-14-303819-2 (Penguin, New York)

References

Footnotes

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Academic books and papers

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Шаблон:Refend

Book reviews

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

Other sources

Шаблон:Cite book

Reviews

Bittner, Amy. 'Review of Margot Adler, Drawing Down the Moon
Dangler, Michael. A Review of Adler's Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-Worshipers, and Other Pagans in America Today
Donaldson, Mara E. Untitled review in Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Vol. 50, No. 2 (Jun., 1982), pp. 303–304.

Interviews

The Wiccan / Pagan Times. Drawing Down the Moon: TWPT Talks with Margot Adler

Шаблон:Pagan studies

Примечания

1. Adler, Margot. ["Vibrant, Juicy, Contemporary"]; NPR Website.
2. NPR Website.
3. Ibid.

Литература

Adler, Margot. [[http://moonpathcuups.org/margot.htm "Vibrant, Juicy, Contemporary: or, Why I Am a UU Pagan". UU World (Unitarian Universalist Association) 10 (4), November–December 1996.

Bibliography

Шаблон:Library resources box

1979 - Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-Worshippers, and Other Pagans in America Today.<ref name=Viking1979 /> ISBN 0-14-019536-X
1997 - Heretic's Heart: A Journey Through Spirit and Revolution (Beacon Press) ISBN 0-8070-7098-X
2000 - Our Way to the Stars by Margot Adler & John Gliedman - Motorbooks Intl, ISBN 0-7603-0753-9, ISBN 978-0-7603-0753-3
2013 - Out For Blood by Margot Adler - Kindle Single

Contributed to

1989 - Healing the Wounds: The Promise of Ecofeminism - Judith Plant (editor) (New Society Pub) ISBN 0-86571-152-6
1994 - Return Of The Great Goddess by Burleigh Muten (Shambhala) ISBN 1-57062-034-2
1995 - People of the Earth: The New Pagans Speak Out by Ellen Evert Hopman, Lawrence Bond (Inner Traditions) ISBN 0-89281-559-0
2001 - Modern Pagans: an Investigation of Contemporary Ritual (Re/Search) ISBN 1-889307-10-6
2002 - The Free Speech Movement: Reflections on Berkeley in the 1960s - Edited by Robert Cohen and Reginald E. Zelnik (University of California Press) ISBN 978-0-520-23354-6
2003 - Sisterhood Is Forever: the Women's Anthology for a New Millennium - edited by Robin Morgan (Washington Square Press) ISBN 0-7434-6627-6
2005 - Cakes and Ale for the Pagan Soul: Spells, Recipes, and Reflections from Neopagan Elders and Teachers - Patricia Telesco (Celestial Arts) ISBN 978-1-58091-164-1

Discography

1986 - From Witch to Witch-Doctor: Healers, Therapists and Shamans ACE - Lecture on cassette
1986 - The Magickal Movement: Present and Future (with Isaac Bonewits, Selena Fox, and Robert Anton Wilson) ACE - Panel discussion on cassette

Interviews

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Vale, V. and John Sulak (2001). Modern Pagans. San Francisco: Re/Search Publications. ISBN 1-889307-10-6

Шаблон:WiccaandWitchcraft

Шаблон:NPR

Шаблон:Authority control

Шаблон:Persondata

Margot Adler was born in 1946 into a Jewish/Marxist/atheist home. From an early age, she felt drawn to the spiritual and would go to Mass with her best friend, who was a Catholic, in order to immerse herself in the music, incense, and rituals o f the church.

When she was ten years old, her class was taken out early on May 1 to the country house of her teacher’s sister. They had learned medieval May Day carols, and as the sun rose they started singing and picking flowers. They took armfuls of flowers back to New York City and threw them around the school, singing the May Day carols. Then the class danced around the maypole. Adler cites this as one o f her defining spiritual moments, and found herself drawn to rituals.

In seventh grade, her class studied ancient Greece, and she found herself drawn to the powerful images o f confidence and inner strength defined by the goddesses Artemis and Athena. They became her ideals. By age fourteen, she had realized the social impracticalities o f worshiping Greek gods and quietly filed them for future use.

In 1970, Adler found herself energized by the ecology movement as well as nature writers such as Thoreau, Eisley, Dubos, and Carson. She describes her reaction to these writings as religious, and found a new understanding o f the interconnectedness o f everything in the universe. She finally felt she understood her place in the universe as she never had before. Soon after, she read two essays that profoundly affected her: “The Religious Roots o f Our Environmental Crisis” by Arnold Toynbee and “The Historic Roots o f Our Ecologic Crisis” by Lynn White. These essays explain that there was a problem with the command in Genesis to “be fruitful and multiply and have dominion over the earth,” since it puts human beings above nature, allowing free license to destroy the earth. The essays also talked about older Pagan traditions and their notions that the divine was present in everything. She thought this older perspective gave a more sacred sense o f the planet and a reluctance to destroy the earth. She starred looking for an ecological religion.

As she traveled around the United States, she found many different types o f Pagan groups. She was attracted to the idea that some traditions were not universal-they weren’t for everyone. These were based on oral tradition and not the written word, and hence were more metaphorical and theologically more flexible. She found that as she progressed, she no longer believed in an exclusive “either-or” but rather felt that most dichotomies are nonsense.

In the end, Adler has chosen to worship with a Unitarian congregation while practicing as a Wiccan Priestess. She finds this gives her the balance she needs. She feels that the Pagan community has brought to Unitarian Universalism the joy o f ceremony, as well as a lot o f creative and artistic ability that will leave the denomination with a richer liturgy and a bit more juice and mystery.

Adler is the author o f Drawing Down the Moon, the classic study o f Goddess spirituality and contemporary Paganism, and Heretic’s Heart: A Journey Through Spirit and Revolution. She is a correspondent for National Public Radio; her reports air on NPR's award-winning All Things Considered, Morning Edition, and Weekend Edition. She hosts Justice Talking, a new radio show on the subject o f the U.S. Constitution, which is produced by the Annenberg Center for Public Policy o f the University o f Pennsylvania. She also lectures widely on Paganism and earth traditions. She has been a Priestess o f Wicca for more than twenty-five years. (EK) (See also Wicca; Covenant of Unitarian Universalist Pagans)

Margot Adler is a NPR correspondent based in NPR's New York Bureau. Her reports can be heard regularly on All Things Considered, Morning Edition and Weekend Edition.

In addition to covering New York City, Adler reports include in-depth features exploring the interface of politics and culture. Most recently she has been reporting on the controversy surrounding the proposed Islamic Cultural Center near Ground Zero. Other recent pieces have focused on the effect of budget cuts on education, flood relief efforts by the Pakistani community in the United States, the military's "Don't Ask Don't Tell" policy, and the battles over the September 11th memorial as well as the continuing human story in New York City in the years since the attacks. Her reporting has included topics such as the death penalty, affirmative action and the culture wars.

Adler did the first American radio interview with J.K. Rowling and has charted the Harry Potter phenomenon ever since. Her reporting ranges across issues including children and technology, the fad of the Percy Jackson books and the popularity of vampires. She occasionally reviews books, covers plays, art exhibitions and auctions, among other reports for NPR's Arts desk.

From 1999-2008, Adler was the host of NPR's Justice Talking, a weekly show exploring constitutional controversies in the nation's courts.

Adler joined the NPR staff as a general assignment reporter in 1979, after spending a year as an NPR freelance reporter covering New York City. In 1980, she documented the confrontation between radicals and the Ku Klux Klan in Greensboro, North Carolina. In 1984, she reported and produced an acclaimed documentary on AIDS counselors in San Francisco. She covered the Winter Olympics in Calgary in 1988 and in Sarajevo in 1984. She has reported on homeless people living in the subways, on the state of the middle class and on the last remaining American hospital for treating leprosy, which was located in Louisiana.

From 1972 to 1990, Adler created and hosted live talk shows on WBAI-FM/New York City. One of those shows, Hour of the Wolf, hosted by Jim Freund, continues as a science fiction show to this day. She is the author of the book, Drawing Down the Moon, a study of contemporary nature religions, and a 1960's memoir, Heretic's Heart. She co-produced an award-winning radio drama, War Day, and is a lecturer and workshop leader. She is currently working on a book on why vampires have such traction in our culture.

With a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science from the University of California, Berkeley, Adler went on to earn a Master of Science degree from the Graduate School of Journalism at Columbia University in New York in 1970. She was a Nieman Fellow at Harvard University in 1982.

The granddaughter of Alfred Adler, the renowned Viennese psychiatrist, Adler was born in Little Rock, Ark., and grew up in New York City. She loves birding and science fiction.

Margot Adler AKA Margot Susanna Adler America 1946 -present

Teachers: Aleister Crowley; Gerald Gardner; James Wasserman; Herman Slater; Ed Buczynski AKA (Lord Gywddion); Victor Anderson, founder of the Feri Tradition; Zsuzsanna Budapest, feminist separatist, Dianic Wicca; Judy Harrow; Simone de Beauvoir; Betty Friedan; Ursula K. Le Guin ; Rita Mae Brown; Shalamith (Shuli) Firestone; Fran Luck of WBAI; Kathie Sarachild; Kate Millett; Aileen Hernandez; Letty Cottin Pogrebin; Ann Snitow; Robin Morgan; Marilyn Webb; Ellen Willis; Anne Koedt; Jo Freeman; Kathie Sarachild; Anne Forer; Carol Giardina; Anselma Dell'Olio; Ti-Grace Atkinson; Susan Brownmiller; Meredith Tax; Elaine Showalter; Phyllis Chesler; Ellen Frankfort; Elizabeth Fisher;

Students; Catherine LaF**** AKA Flameweaver ; Pam C*** AKA the Pamazon; Eclipse; BoneBlossom; M. Macha NightMare; Chuck Furnace; Maggie Shayne; Murry Hope; Lisa B*** ; Friends: John Gliedman, husband (Rest in Peace, John, 2011); Starhawk; Selena Fox; Organizations: initiated as Gardnarian Witch; Spiral Dance Witch and British Witch, a sociologist and Teacher of the modern Wicca movement; Grand daughter of famous Psychologist Alfred Adler; Mistress of Chants; Author: Drawing Down the Moon; Heretic's Heart: A Journey Through Spirit and Revolution ; working on a Vampire novel; Comments: Witch and Community Organizer ; wonderful human being who has served the Community through her events, Workshops, broadcasts on Public Radio NPR and her book DDTM; Wicca; Neopaganism; be well, Margot, you are greatly loved; Resources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margot_Adler; Our Way to the Stars by Margot Adler & John Gliedman; https://www.google.com/search?q=Margot+Adler+John+Gliedman&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a; http://www.controverscial.com/Margot%20Adler.htm; http://www.npr.org/people/2100166/margot-adler