Хаттон, Рональд: различия между версиями
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'''Рональд Хаттон''' (''Ronald Hutton'', р. 1953) - английский историк, исследователь дохристианских религий, современного язычества и британского фольклора. Профессор Бристольского университета, в прошлом научный сотрудник колледжа Магдалины (Оксфордский университет), член британской государственной Комиссии по историческим памятникам и зданиям Англии. Автор 14 книг. Выступал на британском радио и телевидении. | |||
Ultimately he decided to study history at [[Pembroke College, Cambridge]] and then [[Magdalen College, Oxford]] before gaining employment as a reader in history at the University of Bristol in 1981. Focusing his efforts on Early Modern Britain, he published a trio of books on the subject during that decade; ''The Royalist War Effort'' (1981), ''The Restoration'' (1985) and ''Charles the Second'' (1989). | |||
''' | During the 1990s he produced a string of books dealing with historical paganism, folklore and contemporary Paganism in Britain; ''[[The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles]]'' (1991), ''The Rise and Fall of Merry England'' (1994), ''The Stations of the Sun'' (1996) and ''[[The Triumph of the Moon]]'' (1999), the latter of which would come to be praised as a seminal text in the discipline of [[Pagan studies]]. In the following decade he moved on to look at other topics, publishing a book about [[Siberian shamanism]] in the western imagination, ''[[Shamans (Hutton book)|Shamans]]'' (2001), a collection of essays on folklore and Paganism, ''Witches, Druids and King Arthur'' (2003) and then two books on the role of the Druids in the British imagination, ''The Druids'' (2007) and ''Blood and Mistletoe'' (2009). | ||
== Биография == | |||
=== Ранние годы: 1953–1980 === | |||
== | Рональд Хаттон родился Утакамунде (Индия, штат Тамилнад) в колониальной семье среднего класса. В числе его предков были выходцы из России. Вернувшись в Англию вместе с семьей, он закончил специализированную Высшую школу графства Илфорд. Еще во время учебы в школе Хаттон увлекся археологией и с 1965 по 1976 гг. принимал участие в раскопках в Великобритании и на Мальте. По его собственным словам, с 1966 по 1969 год он посетил "все доисторические камерные гробницы, сохранившиеся в Англии и Уэльсе, и написал по ним путеводитель для себя и моих друзей" [[Хаттон, Рональд#Примечания|[1]]]. Однако, несмотря на страстны | ||
Despite his love of archaeology, he instead decided to study history at university, believing that he had "probably more aptitude" for it. He won a scholarship to study at [[Pembroke College, Cambridge]], where he continued his interest in archaeology alongside history, in 1975 taking a course run by the university's archaeologist [[Glyn Daniel]], an expert on the [[Neolithic]].<ref name="blam"/> From Cambridge, he went on to study at [[Oxford University]], where he held a fellowship at [[Magdalen College, Oxford|Magdalen College]].<ref name="ReferenceA"/> | |||
{{Quote box|width=246px|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|align=right|quote="I had begun in the 1960s by believing completely in the concept of early modern witchcraft as a Pagan religion of feminism, liberation, and affirmation of life. In 1973 I debated against the historian [[Norman Cohn]] at Cambridge University, defending the historical legitimacy of [[Charles Godfrey Leland]]'s "witches' gospel" ''[[Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches|Aradia]]'', and was floored by him. During the rest of the decade my belief in the old orthodoxy concerning the witch trials slipped away, as I read more and more of the new research and checked the original records (for England and Scotland) myself."|source=Hutton on his views of European witchcraft, 2010.<ref>[[#Hut10|Hutton 2010]]. p. 240.</ref> }} | {{Quote box|width=246px|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|align=right|quote="I had begun in the 1960s by believing completely in the concept of early modern witchcraft as a Pagan religion of feminism, liberation, and affirmation of life. In 1973 I debated against the historian [[Norman Cohn]] at Cambridge University, defending the historical legitimacy of [[Charles Godfrey Leland]]'s "witches' gospel" ''[[Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches|Aradia]]'', and was floored by him. During the rest of the decade my belief in the old orthodoxy concerning the witch trials slipped away, as I read more and more of the new research and checked the original records (for England and Scotland) myself."|source=Hutton on his views of European witchcraft, 2010.<ref>[[#Hut10|Hutton 2010]]. p. 240.</ref> }} | ||
=== Bristol University and First Publications: 1981–1990 === | === Bristol University and First Publications: 1981–1990 === | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
=== | ===Примечания=== | ||
:1. Hutton, 2009. | |||
=== | ===Библиография=== | ||
;Academic books | ;Academic books | ||
{{refbegin}} | {{refbegin}} | ||
Версия от 11:31, 4 октября 2017
Рональд Хаттон (Ronald Hutton, р. 1953) - английский историк, исследователь дохристианских религий, современного язычества и британского фольклора. Профессор Бристольского университета, в прошлом научный сотрудник колледжа Магдалины (Оксфордский университет), член британской государственной Комиссии по историческим памятникам и зданиям Англии. Автор 14 книг. Выступал на британском радио и телевидении. Ultimately he decided to study history at Pembroke College, Cambridge and then Magdalen College, Oxford before gaining employment as a reader in history at the University of Bristol in 1981. Focusing his efforts on Early Modern Britain, he published a trio of books on the subject during that decade; The Royalist War Effort (1981), The Restoration (1985) and Charles the Second (1989).
During the 1990s he produced a string of books dealing with historical paganism, folklore and contemporary Paganism in Britain; The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles (1991), The Rise and Fall of Merry England (1994), The Stations of the Sun (1996) and The Triumph of the Moon (1999), the latter of which would come to be praised as a seminal text in the discipline of Pagan studies. In the following decade he moved on to look at other topics, publishing a book about Siberian shamanism in the western imagination, Shamans (2001), a collection of essays on folklore and Paganism, Witches, Druids and King Arthur (2003) and then two books on the role of the Druids in the British imagination, The Druids (2007) and Blood and Mistletoe (2009).
Биография
Ранние годы: 1953–1980
Рональд Хаттон родился Утакамунде (Индия, штат Тамилнад) в колониальной семье среднего класса. В числе его предков были выходцы из России. Вернувшись в Англию вместе с семьей, он закончил специализированную Высшую школу графства Илфорд. Еще во время учебы в школе Хаттон увлекся археологией и с 1965 по 1976 гг. принимал участие в раскопках в Великобритании и на Мальте. По его собственным словам, с 1966 по 1969 год он посетил "все доисторические камерные гробницы, сохранившиеся в Англии и Уэльсе, и написал по ним путеводитель для себя и моих друзей" [1]. Однако, несмотря на страстны Despite his love of archaeology, he instead decided to study history at university, believing that he had "probably more aptitude" for it. He won a scholarship to study at Pembroke College, Cambridge, where he continued his interest in archaeology alongside history, in 1975 taking a course run by the university's archaeologist Glyn Daniel, an expert on the Neolithic.<ref name="blam"/> From Cambridge, he went on to study at Oxford University, where he held a fellowship at Magdalen College.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
Bristol University and First Publications: 1981–1990
In 1981, Hutton moved to the University of Bristol where he took up the position of reader of History. In that year he also published his first book, 'The Royalist War Effort 1642–1646', and followed it with three more books on 17th century British history by 1990.
The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: 1991–1993
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Hutton followed his studies on the Early Modern period with a book on a very different subject, The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy (1991), in which he attempted to "set out what is at present known about the religious beliefs and practices of the British Isles before their conversion to Christianity. The term 'pagan' is used as a convenient shorthand for those beliefs and practices, and is employed in the title merely to absolve the book from any need to discuss early Christianity itself."<ref>Hutton 1991. p. vii.</ref> It thereby examined religion during the Palaeolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman occupation and Anglo-Saxon period, as well as a brief examination of their influence on folklore and contemporary Paganism. In keeping with what was by then the prevailing academic view, it disputed the widely held idea that ancient paganism had survived into the contemporary and had been revived by the Pagan movement.
The book proved controversial amongst some contemporary Pagans and feminists involved in the Goddess movement, one of whom, Asphodel Long, issued a public criticism of Hutton in which she charged him with failing to take non-mainstream ideas about ancient goddess cults into consideration.<ref>Long 1992.</ref> Ultimately, Hutton would later relate, she "recognised that she had misunderstood me" and the two became friends.<ref>Hutton 2010. p. 257.</ref> Another feminist critic, Max Dashu, condemned the work as containing "factual errors, mischaracterizations, and outright whoppers" and claimed that she was "staggered by the intense anti-feminism of this book". She went on to attack Hutton's writing style, calling the book "dry as dust" and claimed that she was "sorry I bothered to plough through it. If this is rigor, it is mortis."<ref>Dashu 1998.</ref>
Meanwhile, whilst he faced criticism from some sectors of the Pagan community in Britain, others came to embrace him; during the late 1980s and 1990s, Hutton befriended a number of practicing British Pagans, including "leading Druids" such as Tim Sebastion, who was then Chief of the Secular Order of Druids. On the basis of The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles (which he himself had not actually read), Sebastion invited Hutton to speak at a conference in Avebury where he befriended a number of members of the Pagan Druidic movement, including Philip Carr-Gomm, Emma Restall Orr and John Michell.<ref>Hutton 2009. p. xiv.</ref>
Studies of British folklore: 1994–1996
In the following years, Hutton released two books on British folklore, both of which were published by Oxford University Press: The Rise and Fall of Merry England: The Ritual Year 1400–1700 (1994) and The Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain (1996). In these works he criticised commonly held attitudes, such as the idea of Merry England and the idea that folk customs were static and unchanging over the centuries. Once again, he was following prevailing expert opinion in doing so.
The Triumph of the Moon: 1997–1999
Телемапедия — вики-проект, нацеленный свести воедино все материалы и знания, доступные о Телеме и западной магической традиции в русскоязычном пространстве. Несмотря на молодость традиции, эта информация весьма обширна. Наша Телемапедия не содержит Великих Тайн Магии. Тайны магии каждый открывает для себя сам. Но Телемапедия содержит ключи к этим тайнам. Попробуйте их разгадать.
На сегодняшний день наш проект поддерживается узким кругом лиц. Однако мы будем рады помощи заинтересованных авторов, которые смогут вносить посильный вклад в развитие ресурса. Мы надеемся, что Телемапедия приносит пользу всем, кто заинтересован в западной магической традиции и в Телеме.
Если вы хотите принять участие в проекте Телемапедия — свяжитесь с нами:
Количество статей: 2265
Основные разделы
Другие разделы
Некоторые полезные ресурсы
- Справка по редактированию
- Список возможных настроек;
- Часто задаваемые вопросы и ответы по MediaWiki;
- Рассылка уведомлений о выходе новых версий MediaWiki.
Все страницы
- Все статьи от А до Я (список)
- Все статьи от A до Z (список)
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In 1999, his first work fully focusing on Paganism was published by Oxford University Press; The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft. The book dealt with the history of the Pagan religion of Wicca, and in the preface Hutton stated that:
- the subtitle of this book should really be 'a history of modern pagan witchcraft in South Britain (England, Wales, Cornwall and Man), with some reference to it in the rest of the British Isles, Continental Europe and North America'. The fact that it claims to be a history and not the history is in itself significant, for this book represents the first systematic attempt by a professional historian to characterize and account for this aspect of modern Western culture."<ref>Hutton 1999. p. vii.</ref>
Hutton questioned many assumptions about Wicca's development and argued that many of the claimed connections to longstanding hidden pagan traditions are questionable at best. However, he also argued for its importance as a genuine new religious movement.
Response from the Neopagan community
The response from the Neopagan community was somewhat mixed. Many Pagans embraced his work, with the prominent Wiccan Elder Frederic Lamond referring to it as "an authority on the history of Gardnerian Wicca".<ref>Lamond 2004. p. 64-65.</ref> Public criticism came from the practicing Wiccan Jani Farrell-Roberts, who took part in a published debate with Hutton in The Cauldron magazine in 2003. Farrell-Roberts was of the opinion that in his works, Hutton dismissed Margaret Murray's theories about the Witch-Cult using Norman Cohn's theories, which she believed to be heavily flawed. She stated that "he is... wrongly cited as an objective neutral and a 'non-pagan' for he happens to be a very active member of the British Pagan community" who "had taken on a mission to reform modern paganism by removing from it a false history and sense of continuance".<ref>Farrell-Roberts, Jani. (May 2003). The Cauldron</ref>
Shamans and Witches, Druids and King Arthur: 2000–2006
Hutton next turned his attention to Siberian shamanism, with Hambledon and London publishing Shamans: Siberian Spirituality in the Western Imagination in 2001, in which he argued that much of what westerners think they know about shamanism is in fact wrong.
In his review for the academic Folklore journal, Jonathan Roper of the University of Sheffield noted that the work "could profitably have been twice as long and have provided a more extended treatment of the issues involved" and that it suffered from a lack of images. On the whole however he thought it "certainly [should] be recommended to readers as an important work" on the subject of shamanism, and he hoped that Hutton would "return to treat this fascinating topic in even greater depth in future." <ref>Шаблон:Cite news</ref>
In 2003, Hambledon & London also published Witches, Druids and King Arthur, a collection of various articles by Hutton, including on topics such as the nature of myth and the pagan themes found within the works of J.R.R. Tolkien and C.S. Lewis.
The Druids and Blood and Mistletoe: 2007–2009
After studying the history of Wicca, Hutton went on to look at the history of Druidry, both historical and Pagan. His first book on the subject, The Druids, was published in 2007. Part of this material was given as the first lecture of the Mount Haemus Award series.<ref>Шаблон:Cite web</ref> Hutton's next book, which was also about Druidry, was entitled Blood and Mistletoe: The History of the Druids in Britain, and released in May 2009.
In a review by David V. Barrett in The Independent, Blood and Mistletoe was described as being more "academic and more than three times the length" of The Druids, although Barrett argued that despite this it was still "very readable", even going so far as to call it a "tour de force".<ref>Barrett 2009.</ref> The review by Noel Malcolm in The Daily Telegraph was a little more critical, claiming that whilst Hutton was "non-sensationalist and scrupulously polite" about the various Druidic eccentrics, "occasionally, even-handedness tips over towards relativism – as if there are just different ways of looking at reality, each as good as the other. And that cannot be right."<ref>Malcolm 2009.</ref>
Personal life
Although he has written much on the subject of Paganism, Hutton insists that his own religious beliefs are a private matter. He has instead stated that "to some extent history occupies the space in my life filled in that of others by religion or spirituality. It defines much of the way I come to terms with the cosmos, and with past, present and future."<ref name="blam"/> Nonetheless, he has become a "well-known and much loved figure" in the British Pagan community.<ref>Whitlock 2011. p. 33.</ref>
Interviewing Hutton for The Independent, the journalist Gary Lachman commented that he had "a very pragmatic, creative attitude, recognising that factual error can still produce beneficial results", for instance noting that even though their theories about the Early Modern Witch-Cult were erroneous, Margaret Murray and Gerald Gardner would help lay the foundations for the creation of the new religious movement of Wicca.<ref name="Lachman 2007"/>
Works
Hutton's books can be divided into those about seventeenth-century Britain and those about paganism and folk customs in Britain.
Seventeenth-Century Britain
In his What If the Gunpowder Plot Had Succeeded?, Hutton has considered what might have happened if the Gunpowder Plot of 1605 had succeeded in its aims of the death of King James I and the destruction of the House of Lords. He concluded that the violence of the act would have resulted in an even more severe backlash against suspected Catholics than was caused by its failure, as most Englishmen were loyal to the monarchy, despite differing religious convictions. England could very well have become a more "Puritan absolute monarchy", rather than following the path of parliamentary and civil reform.<ref>Шаблон:Cite web</ref>
Bibliography
Books
| Title | Year | Publisher | ISBN |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Royalist War Effort 1642–1646 | 1982 | Routledge (London) | |
| The Restoration: A Political and Religious History of England and Wales 1658–1660 | 1985 | Clarendon | 0-19-822698-5 |
| Charles the Second, King of England, Scotland and Ireland | 1989 | Clarendon | 0-19-822911-9 |
| The British Republic 1649–1660 | 1990 | Palgrave Macmillan | |
| The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy | 1991 | Blackwell (Oxford and Cambridge) | 0-631-18946-7 |
| The Rise and Fall of Merry England: The Ritual Year 1400–1700 | 1994 | Oxford University Press (Oxford and New York) | |
| The Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain | 1996 | Oxford University Press (Oxford and New York) | |
| The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft | 1999 | Oxford University Press (Oxford and New York) | |
| Shamans: Siberian Spirituality and the Western Imagination | 2001 | Hambledon and London (London and New York) | 1-85295-324-7 |
| Witches, Druids and King Arthur | 2003 | Hambledon | |
| Debates in Stuart History | 2004 | Palgrave Macmillan | |
| The Druids: A History | 2007 | Hambledon Continuum | |
| Blood and Mistletoe: The History of the Druids in Britain | 2009 | Yale University Press (London) | |
| A Brief History of Britain 1485–1660: The Tudor and Stuart Dynasties | 2011 | Robinson | 978-1845297046 |
Contributions
| Title | Book title | Year | Publisher | Author and/or editor | ISBN |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Foreword" | Wiccan Roots: Gerald Gardner and the Modern Witchcraft Revival | 2000 | Capall Bann (Chieveley) | Philip Heselton | |
| "Foreword" | Gerald Gardner and the Cauldron of Inspiration: An Investigation into the Sources of Gardnerian Witchcraft | 2004 | Capall Bann (Milverton) | Philip Heselton | |
| "Foreword" | The New Generation Witches: Teenage Witchcraft in Contemporary Culture | 2007 | Ashgate (Aldershot and Burlington) | Hannah E. Johnston and Peg Aloi (eds.) | |
| "Afterword" | Ten Years of Triumph of the Moon: A Collection of Essays | 2009 | Hidden Publishing | Dave Evans and Dave Green (eds.) | |
| "Foreword" | Where Witchcraft Lives | 2010 | Whyte Tracks (Copenhagen) | Doreen Valiente | |
| "Afterword: Caveats and Futures" | Signals of Belief in Early England: Anglo-Saxon Paganism Revisited | 2010 | Oxbow Books (Oxford and Oakville) | Martin Carver, Alex Sanmark and Sarah Semple (eds.) | |
| "Introduction" | The Museum of Witchcraft: A Magical History | 2011 | The Occult Art Company (Boscastle) | Kerriann Godwin (ed.) |
Anthology papers
| Title | Book title | Year | Publisher | Editor/s |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Modern Pagan Witchcraft" | The Athlone History of Witchcraft and Magic in Europe Volume 6: The Twentieth Century | 1999 | Athlone Press (London) | Bengt Ankarloo and Stuart Clark |
| "Living with Witchcraft" | Researching Paganisms | 2004 | AltaMira | Jenny Blain, Douglas Ezzy and Graham Harvey |
| "Megaliths and Memory" | Written on Stone: The Cultural Reception of British Prehistoric Monuments | 2009 | Cambridge Scholars Publishing (Newcastle) | Joanne Parker |
Academic Journal papers
| Title | Journal | Volume | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| "Writing the History of Witchcraft: A Personal View" | The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies | 12 (2) | 2010 |
Academic papers
Reviews and assessment
Academic reviews
- Barry Collett, Review of Stations of the Sun, Sixteenth Century Journal, 29/1 (1998): 241–243.
- Christopher W. Marsh, Review of Stations of the Sun, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 50 (1999): 133–135.
- Jonathan Roper, Review of Shamans, Folklore, April 2005,<ref>Шаблон:Cite news</ref>
- Chas S. Clifton, Review of Witches, Druids and King Arthur, The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies, 7/1 (2005): 101–103.
- Christopher Chippindale, Review of The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles, History Today, (1992)
- Hill, Dr. J. D. (2004) A Reply to Ronald Hutton’s Commentary ‘What did Happen to Lindow Man?’ TLS Jan 30th. Sent to The Times Literary Supplement 7 February 2004. (Hutton's original article available here)
Other reviews
- Margaret Murray and the Distinguished Professor Hutton by Jani Farrell-Roberts: originally published as The Great Debate by Farrell-Roberts and Hutton in The Cauldron, 2003.
- Long, Asphodel P. (1992) Review of "The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles", Wood and Water 39, Summer 1992.
- Barrett, David V., 21 July 2007, Independent. Book review: The Druids: A History<ref>Independent</ref>
- Hutton, Ronald, 01/12/1996, history.ac.uk, Review of The Witch in History: Early Modern and Twentieth-Century Representations.<ref>Institute of Historical Research | The national centre for history</ref>
- A review of Ronald Hutton's The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles by Max Dashu, 1998 (suppressedhistories.net).
- A Review of Ronald Hutton's Blood and Mistletoe in the Independent
References
Примечания
- 1. Hutton, 2009.
Библиография
- Academic books
- Non-academic sources
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite journal
External links
- University of Bristol: Department of History: Prof. Ronald Hutton
- The Origins of Modern Druidry by Ronald Hutton, Mt Haemus Award Lecture
- An Interview with Ronald Hutton in which he talks about his historical work and spiritual path.
- Listen to 'The Changing Face of Manx Witchcraft'. A Public lecture by Professor Ronald Hutton at the Manx Museum, Friday 15th January 2010
- * *
Ronald Hutton England 1953 - present Teachers: Gerald Gardner; all his spiritual descendents in Wicca, Paganism and Neopaganism; Students: Asphodel Long; Tim Sebastion, Chief of the Secular Order of Druids; Wiccan Elder Frederic Lamond ;
Organizations: University of Bristol; Magdalen College, Oxford Author:The Royalist War Effort (1981); The Restoration (1985) ; Charles the Second (1989); The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles (1991); The Rise and Fall of Merry England (1994); The Stations of the Sun (1996); The Triumph of the Moon (1999)THE Pagan Studies coursebook; Shamans (2001); What If the Gunpowder Plot Had Succeeded?; Pagan Britain, 2013; Comments: England's reigning academic historian of Paganism, very good writer and speaker, not condescending as many other academics tend to be; Resources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Hutton ; http://www.economist.com/news/books-and-arts/21591543-it-hard-know-sure-what-people-used-believe-more-questions-answers?fsrc=rss%7Cbar ;http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/dominicselwood/100252072/the-dark-deep-roots-of-britains-fascination-with-witchcraft/?fb ;